Trypanosoma cruzi is a hemoflagelate parasite associated with heart dysfunctions causing serious problems in Central and South America. Beagle dogs develop the symptoms of Chagas disease in humans, and could be an important experimental model for better understanding the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in the chagasic infection. In the present study we investigated the relation among biological factors inherent to the parasite (trypomastigote polymorphism and in vitro infectivity) and immunoglobulin production, inflammation, and fibrosis in the heart of Beagle dogs infected with either T. cruzi Y or Berenice-78 strains. In vitro infectivity of Vero cells as well as the extension of cardiac lesions in infected Beagle was higher for Y strain when compared to Berenice-78 strain. These data suggested that in vitro infectivity assays may correlate with pathogenicity in vivo. In fact, animals infected with Y strain, which shows prevalence of slender forms and high infectivity in vitro, presented cardiomegaly, inflammation, and fibrosis in heart area. Concerning the immunoglobulin production, no statistically significant difference was observed for IgA, IgM or IgG levels among T. cruzi infected animals. However, IgA together IgM levels have shown to be a good marker for the acute phase of Chagas disease.

Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo e qualitativo dos plexos de Auerbach e Meissner do esôfago de quatro cães chagásicos sacrificados na fase aguda da infecção. As ganglionites e periganglionites do plexo de Auerbach variaram de discretas a moderadas, induzindo lesões neuronais significativas, principalmente em dois animais. Os gânglios do plexo de Meissner foram observados em pequeno número, impossibilitando qualquer análise. Miosite discreta ou moderada foi observada principalmente no terço inferior do esôfago, raramente associada a ninhos de amastigotas. A contagem de gânglios e neurônios não demonstrou desnervação. Apesar de em nenhum dos cães ter sido induzida a formação de megaesôfago, relatamos lesões do plexo de Auerbach e de miocélulas do esôfago de animais na fase aguda da infecção chagásica. Este parece ser o primeiro estudo quantitativo e qualitativo sistemático dos plexos de Auerbach e Meissner do esôfago na tripanosomíase cruzi experimental.

A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted on the Auerbach and Meissner plexuses of the esophagus of four chagasic dogs sacrificed during the acute pbase of infection. Ganglionitis and periganglionitis of the Auerbach plexus ranged from mild to moderate and induced significant neuronal lesions, especially in two animals. The ganglions of the Meissner plexus were obsenvd in small number which did not permit any analysís. Mild or moderate myositis iras obsewed mainly in the lower third of the esophagus and was rarely associated with amastigote nests. Ganglion and neuron connts did not demonstrate denervation. Although the formation of megaesophagus was not induced in any dog, lesions of the Auerbach plexus and myocells of the esophagus were observed during the acute phase of chagasic infection. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic quantitative and qualitative study of the Auerbach and Meissner plexuses of the esophagus in experimental trypanosomiasis cruzi.

Foi realizado estudo qualitativo e quantitativo dos plexos cardíacos superficiais e profundos em cães inoculados com o Trypanosoma cruzi das cepas Be-62 e Be-78 e sacrificados na fase aguda. O processo inflamatório, as lesões e o parasitismo dos plexos foram mais intensos e frequentes nos animais inoculados com a cepa Be-78 do que naqueles inoculados com a cepa Be- 62. Apesar deste fato, não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o número de corpos de neurônio por gânglio dos animais chagásicos e os controles.

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the superficial and profound cardiac plexus of dogs experimentally infected with Be-62 and Be-78 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were studied. Animals were autopsied in the acute phase of infection. The inflammatory process, lesions and number of parasites were more intense and frequent in animals infected with the Be-78 strain than in those infected with Be-62. Despite this, no statistically significant differences could be found between the number of neuron bodies in the ganglia of infected and control dogs.

Os autores documentam a cardiopatia difusa fibrosante, com todos os sintomas clínicos e dados de autópsia pertinentes à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, em um dos 21 cães infectados com a cepa Colombiana (cinco morreram na fase aguda e quatro continuam vivos) e cinco, dos 13 infectados com a cepa Berenice-78 (oito morreram na fase aguda), num período de oito anos de observação. Em vista destes resultados, os autores sugerem que o cão possa vir a ser um modelo experimental, adequado para o estudo da história natural da doença de Chagas, preenchendo os requisitos estabelecidos pelo Comitê Assessor de Doença de Chagas do Programa Especial de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Doenças Tropicais da Organização Mundial de Saúde.

The authors found the fibrosing chronic chagasic cardiopathy with congestive heartfailure in one out of the 21 dogs infected with the Colombian strain (five died in acutephase andfour are alive)five out of the 13 animais infected with the Berenice-78 strain eight died in acute phase) were observed until eight years of infection with T. cruzi. In view of these results, the author suggest that the dog could be a suitable experimental model for the study of the natural history of Chagas' disease. The dog conforms with the requisites of the World Health Organization (WHO) Steering Committee of Chagas' disease of the Programmefor Research Training in Tropical Diseases.